Resources

Essential Principles

The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History, and Diplomacy (2008). New Haven: Yale Law School.
     13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, 1865–70 (link).
     Civil Rights Act of 1964, July 2, 1964 (link) and  Voting Rights Act of 1965, August 6, 1965 (link).
     Constitution of the United States, 1787 (link).
     Constitution of the United States, Bill of Rights, 1789–91 (link).

Crick, Bernard. Democracy: A Very Short Introduction (2002) New York: Oxford University Press. See also other volumes in the Very Short Introduction series.

Diamond, Larry. “Facing Up to the Democracy Deficit.” Journal of Democracy. 26: 1. January 2015.

Keele, Richard. "Elections and Election Systems from Around the World" (link). This site provides online resource links to election-related documents and web sources.

The Washington Post
     "Do Voter ID Laws Suppress Minority Voting? Yes. We Did the Research" OpinionbyZoltan L. Hajnal, Nazita Lajevardi and Lindsay Nielson. February 15, 2017.

Recommended Films
   "Eyes on the Prize" (1987). Public Broadcasting Service. A documentary history of the American civil rights movement.
   "A Force More Powerful" (2000). Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). A documentary on nonviolent political movements narrated by Ben Kingsley.

Poland

Economist magazine: Topics Index: Poland.
The New York Times: World Topics: Poland.

Applebaum, Anne. Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe  (2012). New York: Doubleday. See also: Book Review, by John Connelly, The Washington Post (October 26, 2012).

Ash, Timothy Garton, The Polish Revolution. 3rd ed. (2002). New Haven: Yale University Press.

Chenoweth, Eric. “Thoughts on Solidarity's 25th Anniversary” (February 2006). Institute for Democracy in Eastern Europe (www.idee.org).

Donovan, Jeffrey. " Solidarity: The Trade Union That Changed the World" (August 25, 2005). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (www.rferl.org).

U.S. Department of State Human Rights Country Reports (go to current year Country Report drop down menu for Poland).

Recommended Films“
   "Three Days in Szczecin” (1976). BBC. See also New York Times Review  (December 12, 1985).
   “Interrogation” (1982). Directed by Ryszard Bugajski.
   “Katyń” (2007). Directed by Andrzej Wajda.
   “Man of Marble” (1976), “Man of Iron” (1981), and “Man of Hope” (2013). Directed by Andrzej Wajda.

Venezuela

Economist magazine: Topics Index: Venezuela.
The New York Times: World Topics: Venezuela. 

Corrales, Javier. "Hugo Boss: Fashioning Dictatorship for a Democratic Age." Foreign Policy (Oct. 19, 2009).

Corrales, Javier & Penfold, Michael (April 2007). “Venezuela: Crowding Out the Opposition.” Journal of Democracy, 18 (2), Apr. 2007, 99-113.

Human Rights Watch, "A Decade Under Chávez: Political Intolerance and Lost Opportunities" (link).

International Crisis Group/Venezuela (home page)

Organization of American States (home page)
   Letter of the Secretary General to the CNE on the December 6 Elections (Nov. 10, 2015).
   Letter of the Secretary General to the President of Venezuela (Jan. 12, 2016).

The Washington Post. 
   “A Revitalized Voice for the Americas” by Jackson Diehl (Jan. 24, 2016).
    “Venezuela on the Brink of Complete Economic Collapse" (Jan. 29, 2016).     

U.S. Department of State Human Rights Country Reports (go to current year Country Report drop down menu for Venezuela).

Azerbaijan

Economist magazine, Topics Index: Azerbaijan.
   Selected Article: “How Not to Prepare for Elections,” (Sept. 2, 2013).
The New York Times: World Topics: Azerbaijan.

Alieva, Leila. "Azerbaijan's Frustrating Elections." Journal of Democracy 17, no. 2 (April 2006): 147–160.

BBC: “Cracking Down on Dissent In Ilham Aliyev’s Azerbaijan” (May 28, 2013).

Eurasianet.org: Azerbaijan (news articles and analyses from Eurasianet).

The Guardian
   "Plush Hotels and Caviar Diplomacy: How Azerbaijan Elite Woo MPs” (Nov. 23, 2013).

Index on Censorship
   “Azerbaijan Must Stop Repressing Civil Society,” Human Rights House Network (Nov. 2014). 

Institute for Democracy in Eastern Europe
   “The Azerbaijan Elections: Observer Mission to October 3, 2003 Presidential Elections” (link).

International Herald Tribune
   “Vote Allegations Rattle Eurovision Song Contest” (May 22, 2013).

OSCE/ODIHR, “Election Observation Mission Final Report: Presidential Election of 9 October 2013” (link).

Sports for Rights. “No Holds Barred: Repression in Aliyev’s Third Term” (October 2015).

Uncaptive Minds, Special Issue, “25 Years After 1989-91: Reflections on Unfinished Revolutions” (October 2015).
   See presentations of Arif Hajili (pp. 39-41) and Isa Gambar (pp. 61-64). 

U.S. Department of State Human Rights Country Reports (go to current year Country Report drop down menu for Azerbaijan).